Greases are a lubricant composed of a petroleum-derived or synthetic oil thickened with a soap or thickening agent to a solid or semi fluid consistency. Grease oil is widely used as a lubrication oil for rolling-element bearings, gears, and many other tribo-components. Oil and grease are not the same; in fact, lubricating grease oils display a unique set of characteristics of their own which you must consider before picking a product for application, like vehicle greases, engine grease, or motor grease. 

Types of greases, 

1. Calcium grease 
2. Lithium grease 
3. Aluminium complex grease 
4. Barium complex grease 
5. Bentone (clay) grease 
6. Polyurea grease 
7. Sodium grease

Here’s a brief overview of each type of grease you’ve listed, highlighting their characteristics, advantages, and common uses:

1. Calcium Grease

Base Ingredient: Calcium soap

Properties: Good water resistance, moderate temperature tolerance (up to around 60°C), good rust protection.

Advantages: Excellent in wet environments, good protection against corrosion.

Uses: Marine applications, chassis lubrication, water pumps, and general-purpose lubrication in environments with moderate temperatures.

2. Lithium Grease

Base Ingredient: Lithium soap

Properties: Excellent temperature range (typically up to 150°C), good water resistance, and excellent lubrication properties.

Advantages: Versatile and widely used due to its balance of properties, good mechanical stability, and affordable cost.

Uses: Automotive applications (chassis, bearings), industrial machinery, and general-purpose applications.

3. Aluminium Complex Grease

Base Ingredient: Aluminium complex soap

Properties: Excellent water resistance, good mechanical stability, high temperature tolerance (up to 230°C), and good antiwear properties.

Advantages: Performs well in high temperatures and water exposed conditions, resists oxidation.

Uses: High temperature applications, food grade machinery, and industries where water contamination is likely (e.g., food processing plants).

4. Barium Complex Grease

Base Ingredient: Barium complex soap

Properties: High temperature stability, excellent water resistance, good adhesion, and corrosion protection.

Advantages: Long-lasting and can be used in extreme environments due to its water resistance and chemical stability.

Uses: Mostly used in high-performance industrial applications, such as the petrochemical and heavy machinery industries.

5. Bentone (Clay) Grease

Base Ingredient: Non-soap base, uses bentonite clay

Properties: Excellent high temperature stability (up to 260°C), non-melting, but lower water resistance than some other greases.

Advantages: Ideal for high temperature applications where melting is a concern.

Uses: High temperature industrial applications, such as steel mills and foundries.

6. Polyurea Grease

Base Ingredient: Polyurea compound

Properties: High temperature resistance (up to 180°C), excellent oxidation stability, and long life without regreasing.

Advantages: Suitable for sealed for life bearings, long lasting, and provides excellent protection against rust and oxidation.

Uses: Electric motor bearings, automotive wheel bearings, and highspeed machinery applications.

7. Sodium Grease

Base Ingredient: Sodium soap

Properties: Good lubricating properties, poor water resistance, and medium temperature tolerance (up to 120°C).

Advantages: Provides good lubricity in dry conditions and is relatively inexpensive.

Uses: Applications in dry environments, such as automotive chassis parts, but less favoured due to poor water resistance.

Each grease type has its unique advantages depending on the environment and mechanical requirements of the machinery.